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The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 566-581 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0267-z

摘要： Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas, serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge. However, there is a limited understanding of the various types, structures, and functions of swales, as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future. In recent years, China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales, especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program (SCP). These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants, including suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review critically examines recent research findings, identifies key knowledge gaps, and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management, with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects. Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development, China’s current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales. Furthermore, policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks, as reflected in existing laws and planning documents. This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors: Well-thought-out road planning, suitable construction conditions, and sustainable long-term funding. The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff. To combat pollution associated with roads, a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out, guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales, with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush. One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction. To address this issue, the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed. Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance, thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management. Ultimately, the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments, incorporating effective green swale strategies.

关键词： grass swale infiltration swale bioswale wet swale sponge city

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Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 139-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017175

摘要： We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of was matched by (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.

关键词： annual grass comparative growth drought response invasive plant native grass specific leaf area soil-water use

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钱学森创立知识密集型草产业的划时代贡献

李毓堂

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第1期页码 15-22

摘要：

文章论述了钱学森提出创建知识密集型草产业的历史背景、科学内涵、理论意义、应用成果和在21世纪中国可持续发展战略中的重要作用，并根据钱老的主张，提出当前启动全国大规模草产业工程必须创新管理机制。

关键词：钱学森知识密集型草产业草业系统工程可持续发展战略

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THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN GRASSLANDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021438

摘要：

Quantifying the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services has been promoted as an approach to achieving multifunctional grassland systems that balance productivity with other regulating, supporting and cultural services. Establishing trade-offs and synergies between traits and services has largely relied on meta-analyses of studies from different systems and environments. This study demonstrated the value of focused studies of long-term experiments in grassland systems that measure traits and services in the same space and time to better understand the ecological constraints underlying these trade-offs and synergies. An analysis is presented that uses data from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Research on above-ground productivity, species richness and soil organic carbon stocks to quantify the relationships between these three outcomes and the power of variance in plant functional traits in explaining them. There was a trade-off between plots with high productivity, nitrogen inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with high species richness that was explained by a functional gradient of traits that are indicative of contrasting strategies of resource acquisition of resource conservation. Examples were identified of using functional traits to identify opportunities for mitigating these trade-offs and moving toward more multifunctional systems.

关键词： multifunctional grassland systems / Park Grass Experiment / soil organic carbon / ecosystem service

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我国草原生产力

侯扶江,王春梅,娄珊宁,侯向阳,呼天明

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 80-93 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.011

摘要：

分析我国草原植物生产和动物生产，比较国内外草原生产力。结果表明，在过去的30余年中，我国一部分草原产草量下降，局部变化不显著。世界草原对畜产品生产的贡献率为40.08 %，中等收入国家为67.35 %。全球24.1 %的牛肉和31.9 %的羊肉来自草原，低收入国家草原载畜量分别高出高收入国家和中等收入国家87.4 %和66.4 %，畜产品生产分别只有两者的37.3 %和71.9 %。适宜的放牧利用，可使我国的草原生产能力达到6.35×109畜产品单位（APU）；全国草原单纯依靠放牧每年可产肉2.959×106 t，占全国肉类总产量的3.5 %，占全国牛羊肉总产量的27.4 %。通过草原畜牧业的现代化转型可接近高收入国家水平，增产潜力约为50 %~200 %。

关键词：草原生产力产草量放牧载畜量畜产品单位（APU）

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把我国广大的沙化草原建设成为可再生的世界级特大的清洁能源生产基地

严隽森

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 22-29

摘要：

中国有广大的约占国土面积40 %的沙化退化草原，不宜亦没有用作粮食耕地。但经过大力的生态建设后每年能产出巨量的巨银草。后者是原生在中国北部，能耐干寒和恶劣环境，并是多年生高达3.5 m的巨大稠密的野草，并能利用咸水。将这些巨银草气化催化后估计每公顷可产出17.2 t的可直接替代汽油的生物丁醇，生化和基因研发专业公司孟山都和孟代尔等己开始合力提升此产能，估计到2030年左右，以沙化草原的约46 %的面积种植巨量的巨银草，可使中国开始不再依赖石油和煤炭的化石能源，而转用由巨大的“巨银草油田群”供应的可再生的清洁能源，其余的面积的产量可供外销或作他用，使中国能长期成为世界能源强国，与他国合力稳定能源供应和价格，并引领世界迈向可再生的清洁能源新时代。

关键词：沙化草原巨银草可再生清洁能源丁醇

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我国村镇规划建设管理的问题与对策

曹璐,谭静,魏来,卓佳,华传哲,蒋鸣,冯旭

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 14-20 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.012

摘要：

“村镇规划建设与管理”课题组通过对我国多个省份的大量调研，总结归纳了三大问题：村镇规划指导思想、方式方法与内容不适应新型城乡关系构建与农村发展要求；规划管理体制与管理模式不符合乡村基层治理体系特征与建设管控现实；土地的供给模式与利用格局不满足土地合理利用的总体目标和乡村建设发展的实际需求。同时，结合国内相关创新实践经验和发展趋势预判，提出完善法律法规，推进村镇规划、建设、运营和管理的系统化与法制化；以县为单位统筹构建乡村规划编制体系；以村镇规划统筹村镇各类建设行为；以乡村治理有效为基础，创新规划编制与管理方式；以新技术手段支持村镇规划编制与管理等政策建议。

关键词：规划管理体制乡村基层治理体系土地供给模式创新规划编制与管理方式